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A newsletter about AI hardware, security, and geopolitics. Click to read The Substrate, a Substack publication with hundreds of subscribers.
News
China's wafer-polishing tools are probably good enough for indigenous HBM
This is the third piece in a series exploring key semiconductor manufacturing equipment that China needs to indigenously produce high-bandwidth memory (HBM), perhaps the most important bottleneck in its efforts to make AI chips. The first piece was on adv
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Cheryl Wu Substack
Economics Ph.D. student at Yale, working on AI, Innovation, History, Growth.
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Why can't Chinese AI companies raise more money?
Why are US AI models consistently topping benchmark scores while Chinese ones are about 4-6 months behind? One factor may be that Chinese AI companies have raised far less funding than their US counterparts. To understand this gap, we compiled funding dat
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China will likely have its own Mythos-like model around February 2027
Claude Mythos marked a step change in the cyber capabilities of AI models. A Mozilla executive called Mythos "as capable as the world's best security researchers". Epoch AI's analysis of cyber benchmarks shows Mythos about seven months ahead of what prior
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