Updated Aug 28, 2026

Core Data Jobs - Remote & On-site

Core Data jobs at vetted startups and product companies focused on Apple and persistence tech, updated daily. Many roles offer remote or hybrid schedules and clear salary ranges. Browse and apply today.

Open positions
44
Companies
36
Salary range
$82K – $250K
Average salary
$187K
AI/ML
Data Science
Backend
Frontend
Mobile
DevOps
Web3
Games
Hardware
Robotics
Security
QA
Executive
Networking
Product
Design
Analytics
Support
Enterprise Apps
Quantum

JPMorganChase

jpmorganchase.com
JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a leading global financial services firm and the largest banking institution in the United States by assets. Headquartered in New York City, the company offers a comprehensive range of financial solutions, including investment banking, asset management, treasury services, and commercial banking. Through its widely recognized consumer division, Chase, it delivers retail banking, credit card, and mortgage services to tens of millions of households across the globe.
jpmorganchase.com • HQ: London, United Kingdom • Blockchain & Crypto • Clinical Research • Financial Services • 1001-5000 employees
HQ: London, United Kingdom • Blockchain & Crypto • Clinical Research • Financial Services • 1001-5000 employees
Verified live · 3 hours ago 4 days ago

Software Engineer III - IOS

$117k – $267k per year (Estimated) • Middle • In office (New York, United States) • Middle
Swift
AI/ML
Copilot
Mobile
Bitrise
Combine
Core Data
Dependency Injection
Modularization
MVC
MVVM
SwiftUI
UIKit
XCTest
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
GitHub Actions
Jenkins
GitHub
AWS
Azure
GCP
QA
XCUITest
Apply
Report

Ciandt

ciandt.com
Ciandt is a leading provider of digital transformation services. We help organizations transform their businesses by leveraging the latest technologies. Our solutions provide comprehensive digital strategy, design, development, and implementation capabilities.
ciandt.com • HQ: Campinas, Brazil • IT Consulting • Software • Information Technology • 5000+ employees • Est. 1995
HQ: Campinas, Brazil • IT Consulting • Software • Information Technology • 5000+ employees • Est. 1995
Verified live · 28 min ago 4 days ago

[Job - 31269] Mid Level IOS Developer

$24k – $90k per year (Estimated) • Middle • Remote (Brazil, Colombia) • Middle
Objective-C
Swift
Mobile
Core Data
SwiftUI
UIKit
DevOps
CI/CD
Apply
Report

Sber

sber.ru
Sber is Russia's largest financial institution and one of the leading technology ecosystems in Eastern Europe. Originally founded as a state savings bank, it has evolved into a comprehensive digital service provider offering banking, e-commerce, cloud computing, and AI-driven solutions. Serving over 100 million retail clients, it plays a central role in the nation's financial system and digital transformation.
sber.ru • HQ: Moscow, Russia • Financial Services • FinTech • Banking • 5000+ employees
HQ: Moscow, Russia • Financial Services • FinTech • Banking • 5000+ employees
Verified live · 2 hours ago 4 days ago

IOS разработчик (Криптоброкер)

$29k – $71k per year (Estimated) • Middle • 4+ years expIn office (Moscow, Russia) • Middle • Russian: C1
Swift
AI/ML
LLM
Mobile
Clean Architecture
Core Data
GCD
MVVM
SwiftUI
UIKit
DevOps
Git
Apply
Report

Inetum

inetum.com
Inetum is an international IT services and consulting firm specializing in digital transformation, software development, cloud infrastructure, and artificial intelligence solutions. Formerly known as Gfi Informatique, the company provides tailored technology integration and enterprise services to both public sector entities and private corporations across dozens of countries. Headquartered in France, it employs tens of thousands of digital experts dedicated to helping organizations modernize their operations and accelerate technological innovation.
inetum.com • HQ: Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, France • HQ: Brussels, Belgium • Corporate Training • LLM & Generative AI • Cybersecurity • Cloud Computing • IT Consulting • Information Technology • 5000+ employees
HQ: Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, France • HQ: Brussels, Belgium • Corporate Training • LLM & Generative AI • Cybersecurity • Cloud Computing • IT Consulting • Information Technology • 5000+ employees
Verified live · 1 hour ago 5 days ago

iOS Engineer

Mexico City • Remote (Mexico) • Full-Time • Senior • Spanish: C1
Swift
Swift
Alamofire
Mobile
Combine
Core Data
SwiftUI
UIKit
Core Bluetooth
Fastlane
Push Notifications
DevOps
Git
Rest API
CI/CD
GitHub Actions
GitHub
Apply
Report

Alchemy Software

alchemysystems.com
Our purpose at Intertek Alchemy is to help build a safer, more sustainable world. Our guiding principle to help achieve this mission is "people make the difference." Because at work, at home, and in the community, it's literally people that make the difference in everything we do. That's why we are laser-focused on developing solutions and services that ensure every frontline worker feels valued and has opportunity for growth.
alchemysystems.com • Wichita • Omaha • Grand Rapids • Cleveland • York • Food Safety • Insurance • Corporate Training • 501-1000 employees
Wichita • Omaha • Grand Rapids • Cleveland • York • Food Safety • Insurance • Corporate Training • 501-1000 employees
Verified live · 1 day ago 6 days ago

Senior Software Developer (Mobile Applications)

$117k – $211k per year (Estimated) • Senior • 5+ years expIn office (Denver, United States) • Bachelor's Degree • Senior
C#
Java
Kotlin
Swift
TypeScript
JavaScript
C#
.NET
Databases
SQLite
Frontend
Angular
Mobile
App Center
Core Data
Crashlytics
Deep Linking
Dependency Injection
Fastlane
Firebase
MAUI
MVVM
Offline-First
Room
State Management
SwiftUI
TestFlight
Xamarin
DevOps
AWS
CI/CD
Git
GitHub Actions
OpenTelemetry
Rest API
Splunk
GitHub
Cybersecurity
GDPR
HIPAA
Apply
Report

Okko

okko.tv
Okko is a major Russian subscription-based video-on-demand (SVOD) and over-the-top (OTT) streaming platform headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Originally launched in 2011 (initially as Yota Play), the platform has grown into one of Russia's leading online cinemas and digital media services. Operating on a hybrid B2C subscription (SVOD), transactional rental/purchase (TVOD), and ad-supported (AVOD) digital streaming model, Okko provides users with access to an extensive catalog of feature films, web series, television broadcasts, original programming, and exclusive live sports broadcasting.
okko.tv • HQ: Saint Petersburg, Russia • Media & Entertainment • Streaming & OTT Platforms • Est. 2011
HQ: Saint Petersburg, Russia • Media & Entertainment • Streaming & OTT Platforms • Est. 2011
Verified live · 2 hours ago 8 days ago

IOS-разработчик

$16k – $38k per year (Estimated) • Middle • 3+ years expSaint Petersburg • Remote (EAEU) • Full-Time • Middle • Russian: C1
Objective-C
Swift
Mobile
AVFoundation
AVKit
CocoaPods
Combine
Core Data
Core Graphics
Fastlane
SwiftUI
UIKit
DevOps
Bitbucket
Git
Jenkins
Management
Jira
Apply
$16k – $38k per year (Estimated) • Middle • 3+ years expMoscow • Remote (EAEU) • Full-Time • Middle • Russian: C1
Objective-C
Swift
Mobile
AVFoundation
AVKit
CocoaPods
Combine
Core Data
Core Graphics
Fastlane
SwiftUI
UIKit
DevOps
Bitbucket
Git
Jenkins
Management
Jira
Apply
Report

Payoneer

payoneer.com
Payoneer provides cross-border payment accounts for marketplaces, freelancers and small exporters. Its network lets users receive funds in multiple currencies and withdraw locally. The company serves sellers on major global ecommerce platforms.
payoneer.com • HQ: New York, United States • Cybersecurity • Payments • Financial Services • Est. 2005
HQ: New York, United States • Cybersecurity • Payments • Financial Services • Est. 2005
Verified live · 11 min ago 28 days ago

Senior Mobile Engineer

$18k – $60k per year (Estimated) • Equity • Senior • 6+ years expGurgaon • Remote (India) • Senior
Java
Kotlin
Swift
Dart
JavaScript
Frontend
React.js
Mobile
Clean Architecture
MVP
MVVM
Core Data
Dependency Injection
Fastlane
Flutter
Jetpack Compose
React Native
SwiftUI
UIKit
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
GitHub Actions
Jenkins
GitHub
Apply
Report

Devsinc

devsinc.com
Devsinc helps startups, enterprises and public sector clients accelerate their technology life cycle, by unlocking access to 2,000+ passionate and experienced engineers.
devsinc.com • HQ: Lahore, Pakistan • HQ: San Jose, United States • IT Outsourcing • Information Technology • Software
HQ: Lahore, Pakistan • HQ: San Jose, United States • IT Outsourcing • Information Technology • Software
Verified live · 11 hours ago 15 days ago

Software Engineer - iOS

In office (Lahore, Pakistan) • Full-Time
Objective-C
Swift
Swift
Swift Concurrency
RxSwift
Databases
SQLite
Frontend
GraphQL
Mobile
Bitrise
Clean Architecture
CocoaPods
Combine
Core Data
Crashlytics
Deep Linking
Dependency Injection
Firebase
GCD
MVC
MVVM
Push Notifications
SPM
State Management
SwiftUI
TestFlight
UIKit
XCTest
Fastlane
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
GitHub Actions
Jenkins
GitHub
AWS
Azure
GCP
Apply
$23k – $171k per year (Estimated) • Junior • 2+ years exp • Remote (Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United States) • Visa sponsorship • Bachelor's Degree • Senior
Objective-C
Swift
Mobile
Combine
Core Data
MVC
MVVM
SwiftUI
UIKit
Bitrise
Fastlane
XCTest
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
Rest API
Apply
Report

Ubiquiti

ui.com
Ubiquiti is an American technology company headquartered in New York and founded in 2003. It designs and manufactures networking hardware, including wireless access points, switches, routers, and physical security systems managed through a unified software interface. The company serves enterprise, service provider, and consumer markets worldwide, operating on a business model that eliminates traditional software licensing and subscription fees.
ui.com • HQ: New York, United States • Wireless • Hardware • IT Infrastructure • Information Technology • Enterprise Networks • Network Equipment • Telecommunications • Cybersecurity • 1001-5000 employees • Est. 2003
HQ: New York, United States • Wireless • Hardware • IT Infrastructure • Information Technology • Enterprise Networks • Network Equipment • Telecommunications • Cybersecurity • 1001-5000 employees • Est. 2003
Verified live · 9 hours ago 5 months ago

Senior iOS Developer

$38k – $127k per year (Estimated) • Senior • 5+ years expRemote/Hybrid (Stockholm, Sweden) • Internship • Senior
Swift
Swift
SwiftLint
Mobile
Core Data
SwiftUI
DevOps
Git
WebRTC
Apply
Verified live · 9 hours ago 8 months ago

iOS Developer

In office (Taipei, Taiwan) • Internship
Swift
Swift
Swift Concurrency
Mobile
SwiftUI
UIKit
AVFoundation
Core Data
DevOps
GitHub
CI/CD
IoT
Matter
Apply
Report

Innovaccer

innovaccer.com
Innovaccer is a healthcare technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California, and founded in 2014. The company provides a healthcare intelligence platform that unifies clinical, financial, and operational data to enable AI-powered workflows, population health management, and revenue cycle optimization. It serves health systems, payers, and life sciences organizations across the United States and internationally, utilizing autonomous AI agents to improve patient outcomes and administrative efficiency.
innovaccer.com • HQ: San Francisco, United States • Business Process Automation (BPA) • Software • Analytics Platforms • Medical AI • Artificial Intelligence • Health Care • Data & Analytics • Digital Health • 501-1000 employees • Est. 2014
HQ: San Francisco, United States • Business Process Automation (BPA) • Software • Analytics Platforms • Medical AI • Artificial Intelligence • Health Care • Data & Analytics • Digital Health • 501-1000 employees • Est. 2014
18 days ago

SDEII - iOS

In office (Mumbai, India)
Dart
Swift
Swift
RxSwift
Mobile
Core Data
Flutter
MVVM
SwiftUI
UIKit
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
Rest API
Apply
Report

Micron Technology

micron.com
Micron Technology is an American semiconductor company founded in Boise, Idaho in 1978 and one of only a handful of manufacturers of both DRAM and NAND flash memory. It designs and fabricates memory and storage products used in data centres, personal computers, smartphones, cars and industrial equipment, and sells them under the Micron and consumer-facing Crucial brands. High-bandwidth memory for AI accelerators has become the fastest-growing part of the business, and the company operates fabrication and assembly sites across the United States and Asia.
micron.com • HQ: Boise, United States • Data Centers • Semiconductor Manufacturing • Consumer Electronics • Hardware • Storage • Digital Storage • Semiconductors • 5000+ employees • Est. 1978
HQ: Boise, United States • Data Centers • Semiconductor Manufacturing • Consumer Electronics • Hardware • Storage • Digital Storage • Semiconductors • 5000+ employees • Est. 1978
Verified live · 1 hour ago 18 days ago

Senior Business Operations Analyst

$37k – $87k per year (Estimated) • Senior • In office (Mexico) • Full-Time • Senior • English: B2
Core Data
Apply
Verified live · 1 hour ago 18 days ago

Senior Business Intelligence Analyst

$38k – $87k per year (Estimated) • Senior • In office (Mexico) • Bachelor's Degree • Full-Time • Senior
SQL
Databases
Snowflake
Mobile
Core Data
Analytics
Power BI
Tableau
ETL/ELT
Apply
Report
Wirtualna Polska (WP) is one of Poland's largest digital media, news, and e-commerce groups. The company operates a widely visited web portal offering real-time news, information, email services, and entertainment content to millions of daily users. Beyond media publishing, it owns an extensive portfolio of specialized e-commerce and marketplace platforms spanning the travel, fashion, financial services, and home interior sectors.
wp.pl • HQ: Warsaw, Poland • Consumer Electronics • Laptops • Smartphones • Est. 1995
HQ: Warsaw, Poland • Consumer Electronics • Laptops • Smartphones • Est. 1995
18 days ago

iOS Developer

$53k – $90k per year (Estimated)In office (Warsaw, Poland) • Full-Time • Polish: C1
Objective-C
Swift
Swift
RxSwift
Mobile
Clean Architecture
Core Data
Fastlane
Firebase
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
GitLab CI
GitLab
Design
Figma
Apply
Report

Bell Integrator

bellintegrator.ru
Bell Integrator is an information technology services company that provides consulting, systems integration, and managed services for enterprise customers. The company develops and implements custom software solutions, modernizes legacy systems, and supports digital transformation projects in sectors such as finance, telecommunications, and public services.
bellintegrator.ru • HQ: Moscow, Russia • Information Technology • System Integration • IT Consulting
HQ: Moscow, Russia • Information Technology • System Integration • IT Consulting
$16k – $39k per year (Estimated) • Middle • 3+ years expRemote/Hybrid (Moscow, Russia) • Bachelor's Degree • Full-Time • Middle • Russian: C1
JavaScript
Node JS
Objective-C
Swift
TypeScript
Frontend
React.js
Mobile
Core Data
React Native
UIKit
DevOps
Git
Management
Confluence
Apply
Report

Mindbox

mindboxgroup.com
Mindbox is a Warsaw technology company founded in 2007 and specialised in DevOps, cloud and application lifecycle tooling. It is a long-standing partner of Atlassian, GitLab and Red Hat in Central Europe and delivers migration and automation projects. The company also runs training and support services for engineering teams.
mindboxgroup.com • HQ: Warsaw, Poland • Financial Services • Artificial Intelligence • Information Technology • 1001-5000 employees • Est. 2007
HQ: Warsaw, Poland • Financial Services • Artificial Intelligence • Information Technology • 1001-5000 employees • Est. 2007
Verified live · 5 hours ago 20 days ago

iOS Developer

Remote/Hybrid • Contractor
Swift
Swift
RxSwift
Swift Concurrency
Mobile
Clean Architecture
Combine
Core Data
Dependency Injection
MVVM
Offline-First
Reactive Programming
SwiftUI
UIKit
XCTest
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
Rest API
Analytics
A/B Testing
Marketing
Mindbox
QA
XCUITest
Apply
Report

Diligent

godiligent.ai
Diligent operates in the financial technology and AI-powered compliance sector. It provides automated due diligence, risk assessment, and compliance monitoring solutions for financial institutions, investors, and corporate clients.
godiligent.ai • London • Budapest • Galway • Bengaluru • New York • Risk Management • Artificial Intelligence • FinTech • Est. 2023
London • Budapest • Galway • Bengaluru • New York • Risk Management • Artificial Intelligence • FinTech • Est. 2023
$29k – $96k per year (Estimated) • Senior • 6+ years expRemote/Hybrid (Budapest, Hungary) • Visa sponsorship • Bachelor's Degree • Senior
Objective-C
Swift
Databases
SQLite
Mobile
CocoaPods
Combine
Core Data
MVI
MVVM
Reactive Programming
SPM
SwiftUI
TestFlight
UIKit
VIPER
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
GitHub
Apply
Report

YAL

yal.inc
YAL is an Indian AI company building conversational enterprise solutions such as voice-first systems, AI tools, and infrastructure to automate interactions, improve productivity, and simplify digital experiences.
yal.inc • Hyderabad • Conversational AI • Est. 2024
Hyderabad • Conversational AI • Est. 2024
Verified live · 9 hours ago 27 days ago

iOS Developer

Senior • 6+ years expIn office • Full-Time • Senior
Swift
Swift
Swift Concurrency
Mobile
Clean Architecture
CocoaPods
Combine
Core Data
Dependency Injection
Firebase
iOS SDK
MVVM
Swift Testing
SwiftUI
TestFlight
UIKit
VIPER
XCTest
AVFoundation
AVKit
Core Animation
DevOps
CI/CD
Git
Rest API
WebSockets
Design
Figma
QA
XCUITest
Apply
Report
The City of Philadelphia is the municipal government of the largest city in Pennsylvania, United States, founded in 1682. The administration provides essential public services such as law enforcement, emergency response, public health programs, infrastructure management, and social welfare initiatives. Operating through various departments and agencies, the government focuses on urban development, public safety, and economic growth to serve a population of over 1.5 million residents.
phila.gov • HQ: Philadelphia, United States • Water Utilities • Energy & Utilities • Public Finance • Urban Planning • Law Enforcement • Digital Government • Government
HQ: Philadelphia, United States • Water Utilities • Energy & Utilities • Public Finance • Urban Planning • Law Enforcement • Digital Government • Government
Verified live · 2 hours ago 28 days ago

SE Mobile iOS Developer

$75k – $82k per year • Senior • 5+ years expIn office (Philadelphia, United States) • Bachelor's Degree • Full-Time • Senior
JavaScript
Node JS
Objective-C
PHP
SQL
Swift
TypeScript
C#
Swift
Alamofire
C#
.NET
Databases
MS SQL
PostgreSQL
Frontend
React.js
Mobile
Core Animation
Core Data
Core Location
React Native
UIKit
DevOps
AWS
Git
Apply
Report

Wildlife Studios

wildlifestudios.com
Wildlife Studios develops and publishes mobile games for global audiences. Its titles have surpassed billions of downloads worldwide. The company is one of the largest game developers in Latin America.
wildlifestudios.com • HQ: São Paulo, Brazil • Data Science • Mobile Games • Gaming • Est. 2011
HQ: São Paulo, Brazil • Data Science • Mobile Games • Gaming • Est. 2011
Verified live · 1 day ago 1 month ago

Data Scientist

Remote/Hybrid (São Paulo, Brazil) • English
Python
SQL
AI/ML
AI Agents
Mobile
Core Data
Analytics
A/B Testing
Apply
Report

Eleostech

eleostech.com
A custom mobile driver app elevates your drivers’ digital experience to reach new levels of confidence, job satisfaction, and productivity.
eleostech.com • Road Transport
Road Transport
Top 25% pay 1 month ago

Remote Senior iOS Engineer

$150k – $180k per year • Senior • 4+ years exp • Remote (United States) • Visa sponsorship • Bachelor's Degree • Senior
C++
JavaScript
Objective-C
Rust
Swift
TypeScript
Databases
SQLite
AI/ML
LLM
Mobile
Core Data
SwiftUI
UIKit
Apply
Top 25% payVerified live · 9 hours ago 1 month ago

Remote Senior iOS Engineer

$150k – $180k per year • Senior • 4+ years exp • Remote (United States) • Senior
C++
JavaScript
Objective-C
Rust
Swift
TypeScript
Databases
SQLite
AI/ML
LLM
Mobile
Core Data
SwiftUI
UIKit
Apply
Report

Specialized.com

specialized.com
From seasoned pros and weekend warriors to kids and commuters, if you ride, we’re here for you. We believe that bikes have the power to change lives, and this simple truth drives us to be and do better.
specialized.com • Rancho Cucamonga • Atlanta • Salt Lake City • Anaheim • Shenzhen • Commerce • 1001-5000 employees • Est. 1974
Rancho Cucamonga • Atlanta • Salt Lake City • Anaheim • Shenzhen • Commerce • 1001-5000 employees • Est. 1974
Verified live · 2 days ago 1 month ago

Senior iOS Mobile Developer

$57k – $190k per year (Estimated) • Senior • 8+ years expIn office (Switzerland) • Full-Time • Senior
Kotlin
Swift
Mobile
Combine
Kotlin Multiplatform
SwiftUI
Clean Architecture
Core Data
MVC
MVP
MVVM
Apply
Report

Salary range

Seniority Jobs 25% Median 75%
Middle 8 $27K $40K $50K
Senior 10 $63K $83K $124K
All levels 23 $40K $63K $124K

Few employers in this selection publish pay, so these figures are Alion estimates built from comparable listings by role, level and country. Gross annual, converted to USD.

Fully remote 25%
11
Hybrid 25%
11
On site 50%
22
Visa sponsorship 9%
4
Equity 9%
4

The market right now

Alion currently lists 44 open Core Data jobs from 36 companies. 5 of them were posted or refreshed in the last seven days. 32 of the employers have posted something in the last three months, which is the pool worth watching if you are starting a search now. Every listing links straight to the employer, so you apply on their own board rather than through an intermediary.

What these roles pay

Most employers in this selection do not publish a figure, so the range below is Alion's own estimate, derived from 23 comparable listings priced by role, level and country. Across them the middle half of the market sits between $40K and $124K a year, with a median of $63K. By level, the median runs middle at $40K and senior at $83K. The step from middle to senior is worth about 2.1x on median pay. Figures are gross annual amounts converted to US dollars, so roles in different currencies stay comparable.

Where the work is

The largest concentrations of these roles are Russia (4), Mexico (3), Nigeria (3), Poland (2), and Sweden (2). 25% of the listings are fully remote and a further 25% are hybrid, so a large part of this market is open to you regardless of where you live.

Who is hiring

The employers with the most open Core Data jobs right now are Kuda (4), Okko (2), Devsinc (2), Ubiquiti (2), Micron Technology (2), and Eleostech (2). Each company page on Alion carries its size, funding stage, tech stack and every other position it has open, so you can judge the employer before you spend an evening on the application.

What employers ask for

Reading across the current listings, the tools that come up most often are Core Data (44), Swift (37), SwiftUI (31), UIKit (28), Git (23), CI/CD (22), MVVM (18), and Objective-C (15). The counts are how many of these openings name each one, which is a better guide to what is actually being hired for than a generic skills list.

Relocation, visas and equity

Of the current Core Data jobs, 4 state visa sponsorship and 4 include equity. These are filters on the list above, so you can narrow it to the ones that make a move possible for you.

Core Data Jobs - Remote & On-site
Frequently asked questions
How many Core Data jobs are open right now?
There are 44 open Core Data jobs on Alion from 36 companies. The list was last refreshed on August 28, 2026.
What do Core Data jobs pay?
The median is $63K a year, and the middle half of the market falls between $40K and $124K. Few of these employers publish a figure, so this is Alion's estimate based on 23 comparable listings.
Are any of these roles remote?
11 of the 44 listings (25%) are fully remote, and you can filter the list down to them in one click.
Which companies are hiring?
The most active employers right now are Kuda, Okko, Devsinc, Ubiquiti, Micron Technology, and Eleostech. Each has its own page on Alion with the rest of its open roles.
Can I get visa sponsorship or relocation?
Yes - of the current listings, 4 state visa sponsorship. Both are filters on the jobs page.
How do I apply?
Open any listing and apply on the employer's own board through the link on the page. No account is required to browse or to apply.